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Edward McKnight Kauffer (14 December 1890 – 22 October 1954)〔(Edward Leland McKnight Kauffer ) The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press, Inc., 2002. Answers.com 06 Aug. 2008.〕 was an American-born artist noted for his avant garde graphic design and poster art, especially in Britain. ==Biography== Edward Kauffer was born on December 14, 1890, in Great Falls, Montana. By 1910 he had moved to San Francisco working as a bookseller and studying art at the California School of Design from 1910 to 1912.〔 At around this time Professor Joseph McKnight of the University of Utah became aware of Kauffer's work, sponsored him and paid to send him to Paris for further study. In gratitude Kauffer took his sponsor's name as a middle name. Kauffer stopped in Chicago for six months in 1912/1913 and studied at the Art Institute of Chicago. While there he witnessed the Armory Show, one of the first major exhibitions to introduce the styles of modernism to American viewers. This likely had a major impact on Kauffer, who would work in many of the same styles throughout his career. He arrived in Paris in 1913 and studied at the ''Académie Moderne'' until 1914. In Paris in 1923 he met the textile designer Marion Dorn (1896–1964), and subsequently resided with her in London, from late 1923 to July 1940. They married in 1950 and moved to New York until his death in 1954. Kauffer moved to London upon the start of the First World War, and remained there for most of his career. He was briefly associated with Robert Bevan's Cumberland Market Group and had a one-man show at the Omega Workshops.〔Shone, Richard. (1999) ''The Art of Bloomsbury: Roger Fry, Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 137-138. ISBN 0691049939〕 In Brighton on the south coast, he designed a "novel" mural for the lobby of Embassy Court, a Modernist block of flats designed by Wells Coates in 1935. The mural consisted of "monochrome photographs ... printed directly on to a light-sensitive cellulose coating". Kauffer may be best known for the 140 posters that he produced for London Underground, and later London Transport. The posters span many styles: many show abstract influences, including futurism, cubism, and vorticism; others evoke impressionist influences such as Japanese woodcuts.〔(Edward Leland McKnight Kauffer ) A Dictionary of Modern Design. Oxford University Press, 2004, 2005. Answers.com 06 Aug. 2008.〕〔(Artist: Edward McKnight Kauffer - Poster and poster artwork collection, London Transport Museum )〕 He created posters for Shell Oil and other commercial clients, and also illustrated books and book covers. Later he also became interested in textiles, interior design and theatrical design. He returned to New York City in 1940 at the beginning of the Second World War, and tried to find work in advertising. He struggled in the more competitive atmosphere until he was approached to do a series of posters for American Airlines in 1947. American Airlines remained his primary client until his death in 1954.〔(AIGA | E. McKnight Kauffer )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward McKnight Kauffer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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